Artysh (Siberian juniper). Republic of Tuva

Artysh (Tuvan Siberian juniper or Juniperus sibirica) is a genus of evergreen coniferous plants in the Cupressaceae family of the order Pinales.

In the local language, it is called artysh, shaman herb, arsa, archa, shug-pa. Despite its name, its habitat is extensive. In the north, it grows in the Arctic zone, in the temperate zone, and in regions with a warm climate— in mountains at altitudes up to 4200 meters above sea level.

This is a very hardy plant capable of withstanding low and high temperatures. Moreover, its appearance changes little depending on the habitat and climatic zone. It is considered one of the most frost-resistant coniferous species. Among the shrubs of the undergrowth, juniper is the most long-lived. Plants aged 300–400 years are not uncommon.

Artysh fruits contain sugars, essential oil consisting of pinene, terpineol, cadinene, and other triterpenoids. In addition, the fruits contain acetic, apple, and formic acids, flavonoid glycosides, wax, inositol alcohol, and pigments.

Sugar syrup is made from its cones. The berries contain up to 3% essential oil, invert sugar, resin, organic acids. They stimulate appetite, aid digestion, and have diuretic properties. The fruits of the plant are harvested for medical purposes. They are used in the form of infusions, decoctions, extracts, and powders for various ailments: malaria, scabies, nervous and rheumatic diseases.

In alternative medicine, the plant's phytoncidal and soothing properties are used. The aroma of juniper not only prevents the spread of infectious diseases, cleanses and freshens the air but also restores mental balance, calms, and alleviates anxiety.

Numerous mysterious and enigmatic beliefs are associated with this plant. Many legends about its mysterious properties circulate in Tuva and other regions where traditional shamanism is preserved. It is believed that it grows in places where energy flows converge. These places are called "wind roses", here the elements meet. Its habitats can be found and identified by its spicy aroma. The place where it grows is sacred, an ideal place for meditation and contemplation.

In the main treatise "Chzhud-shi," it is written: "Artysh is an exorcist of evil spirits". In Buddhist monasteries, juniper is used to fumigate rooms during meditations and rituals. Juniper is considered a sacred plant. Every monk has it in his ashram. Juniper reliably protects the dwelling from enemies. Lama healers use juniper to dispel fear in children. It is believed that the plant drives away evil spirits and gives strength to helper spirits. Its main use in shamanism is purification. In ancient times, the juniper smoke was more actively used to contact the spirit world.

Juniper is used not only by shamans but also by ordinary people at home. A person smokes themselves with a lit juniper stick before a long journey, the start of serious projects, or after participating in funeral processions, after visiting a cemetery, and so on. In short, it is a means of purification and protection from dark forces. Moreover, Tuvans believe that juniper spiritually purifies a person.