RUSSIA EXPO

04.11.2023–08.07.2024 MOSCOW, VDNH

Sphagnum moss. Karelia

Sphagnum moss. Karelia
Photo: iStock.com

Karelia is one of the marshiest regions of Russia, with swamps covering almost a quarter of the republic's territory. This is a complex and rich ecosystem that is protected by the state.

Moss is found everywhere in Karelia. Sphagnum, or Sphagnum moss (from the Greek "sphagnos," meaning sponge), is a common inhabitant of swamps. In Russia, more than forty species of sphagnum grow.

Sphagnum moss has unique moisture-absorbing properties, capable of absorbing water up to 20 times its mass.

Bog moss has no roots; its cells grow upwards while the lower layers gradually die off. However, they do not rot. Decay is prevented by the phenol contained in sphagnum—an antiseptic that kills bacteria. From the dying parts of sphagnum, raised bog peat is formed. This is how, due to sphagnum and other aquatic plants, lakes become overgrown and swamps appear.

It is known that sphagnum moss was used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent for cuts, burns, and frostbite more than 1,000 years ago. During the First and Second World Wars, the industrial production of dressings from sphagnum was set up. However, the secret ingredient of the moss that inhibits the growth of pathogens was discovered only recently. The healing effect of the moss is not limited to wound healing properties. A bath with moss infusion helps with sciatica, osteochondrosis, and rheumatism.

A bedding of sphagnum mosses was often used as a remedy for bedsores in bedridden patients. Women used it for hygiene purposes and made diapers from it for children.

Bog moss has long been used in construction as an insulating material. Gardeners and florists use it to protect plants from rot and other diseases. Sphagnum is mixed into the soil to facilitate successful rooting of cuttings. It is also recommended to pack vegetables with swamp moss for storage.

Moss also helps in taking care of pets: sphagnum is an excellent filler for cat litter boxes, neutralizing odors. Bog moss is used to create a cozy environment in aquariums for pet snails and turtles.

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